An operating system (OS) is a program that acts
as an interface between the user and the
computer hardware is known as operating
system.
Let's Understand
An Operating
system is system software that runs on a
Computer or Laptop. Every computer must have an
Operating system to run other programs and Apps.
Without an operating system, a computer and
software programs would be useless.
Operating system performs basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output
to the display screen, directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives,
printer and scanner.
A computer is a machine which needs to be instructed
for every single step. The
operating system is the
most important software that runs on a computer. The
OS
performs the following functions.
- It provides a convenient and an efficient environment for users to execute programs.
- It is a software which manages hardware.
- An operating system controls the allocation of resources like memory, processors, devices, and information.
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Process Management
A
program that is in an execution state is called a
process. For example, a power point processing
program like MS-POWER-POINT being run by a user on
a personal computer
is a process.
The operating system is responsible for creation,
deletion, and scheduling of
various processes that are
being executed at any point of time.
Memory Management
A computer program remains in main (RAM) memory
during its execution. To
improve CPU usage several
processes are being executed simultaneously in the
memory. The OS keeps track of every memory
location, that is either assigned to
some process or is
free. It also checks how much memory should be
assigned to
each process.
Input/Output Management
Humans interact with machines by providing
information through input/output
devices.
Like Examples of the variety of input/output
devices
on a modern computer are- mouse, keyboards, disk
drives, USB devices,
I/O, printers, etc.
Operating System responds to the user keystrokes,
mouse clicks and other input formats.
File and Disk Management
The programs and the user data are stored in files. In
general, a file is a sequence
of bits, bytes, lines or
records. The operating system is responsible for
allocating
space for files on secondary storage
media. The OS then keeps track of the
memory
location allocated to each piece of the file on the
storage disk.
User Interface
A User Interface (UI) is the part of an operating
system, program or device that
the user uses to input
and receive data.
A Text User Interface(TUI) or
Command Line
Interface (CLI) allows users to interact with an
operating
system by typing commands in a terminal or
console window.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) is an easy to use
interface. It uses graphics,
along with a keyboard and
a mouse, to provide an easy-to-use interface to a
program.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
There are many different types of operating systems
that have been developed for different
purposes.
The most typical OS in normal desktop computers and
laptops are
Microsoft Windows, Mac, Linux, UNIX, etc.
In Smartphone operating systems are Android,
iOS(Apple), Window.
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