Overview Data Communication

 

WHAT IS DATA COMMUNICATION ?

Data Communication is a process of sending or

 receiving digital data between two or more computer

 via Transmission medium such as guided or unguided.

computer can communicate or send information to

 another computer system placed anywhere in the

 world. These methods basically use electrical signals

 carried along a conductor, optical fibers or over

 wireless devices using satellites. The most

 fundamental unit of exchange is in the form of bits

 (0s and 1s) between two devices.

Basic Elements or Components of Communication System

Basic elements of communication system are as follows

Transmitter – converts the information in a suitable

 form before transmission. 

The Channel –The physical medium or the

 communication channel used to send the information

 from the transmitter to the receiver. 

The Receiver – It receives the information

 transmitted by the transmitter.

 Modes of Transmission 

Three ways of transmitting data

Simplex: 

In this type of transmission, data can be sent only in

 one direction i.e., it’s a unidirectional mode. The

 receiver only receives the data, but can not

 communicate back to the sender. 

Half Duplex: 

In half duplex system, we can send data or

 information in both directions but sender can either

 receive the data or send the data at a particular time.

 So when the sender is sending the data, it cannot

 receive the data and vice versa. 

Full Duplex: 

In this mode, we can send data in both directions as it

 is bidirectional mode. We can send and receive data

 at the same time.

Analog and Digital Transmission

Data is transmitted from one point to another point

 through electrical signals that may be in digital or

 analog form.

Digital Transmission: 

In this transmission, information is characterized by

 discrete states. A switch, for example, is on or off. 

So the transmission signal is not continuous but

 discrete. The signal in digital transmission is much

 simpler. It’s a series of 0s and 1s. So 1 (or On) is

 represented by peak of the signal and 0 (or Off) is

 represented by bottom of the signal.

Analog Transmission: 

In this transmission, information changes continuously

 and can take on many different values. It uses a

 continuous signal to transmit voice, data, image or

 other information between two systems. 

For example, telephones take sound vibrations and

 turn them into electrical vibrations of the same shape

 before they are transmitted over traditional telephone

 lines. 

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