C++ Introduction

 

INTRODUCTION OF C++

C++ is a Programming Language

before discuss C++, let's first discuss programming

Programming is the process of build a set of

 instructions, that tell to computer how to perform a

 task. As we know that computer does not know our

 language, it knows binary or machine language (0,1)

 is known as Low Level Languages.

 and We don't know Low Level Language, we know

 High level language like C++ (because its similar to

 our English language). For this we convert Low level

 language to High level language with the help

 of Compiler.

(Compiler is nothing, just a C++ software with the

 help of which we run a program in our computer.)

Now, come back to C++ programming language

. C++ is very popular "High Level Language"

. C++ is General - purpose programming language 

. Designed & Implemented by Bjarne Stroustrup in 

   1979 At Bell Labs.

. C++ is update version of 'C'.

. It run on a variety of platforms, such as Window,

   MacOS, and the various version of UNIX.

. C++ Supports Object-Oriented Programming and

   Generic Programming.

. C++ case sensitive and .cpp is an Extension of C++

   files.

. C++ can be used to develop operating system,         

   Browsers, Games, and so on.

It is a deviation from traditional procedural languages

 in the sense that it follows object oriented

 programming (OOP) approach which is quite suitable

 for managing large and complex programs.

STRUCTURE OF C++

The structure of a C++ program is given below: 

# include <io stream>

  main ( ) {

           ...............   ;

           ...............   ;

           ...............   ;

      }

A C++ program starts with function called main( ). 

The body of the function is enclosed between curly

 braces"{}". 

The program statements are written within the

 braces. 

Each statement must end by a semicolon (;).

 A C++ program may contain as many functions as

 required. However, when the program is loaded in the

 memory, the control is handed over to function main

 ( ) and it is the first function to be executed.

Let us now write our first program: 

// This is used for single comment lines 

/* this is used for multi lines comments                          ..................................................................*/

 # include <io stream.h>

 void main ( ) { 

        cout <<“This is my first program in C++”; 

        cout << “\n......................................”; 

       } 

When the above program is compiled, linked and

 executed the following output is displayed on the VDU

 screen. 

This is my first program in C++ .

Various components of this program are discussed

 below: 

(i) Comments :

 First three lines of the above program are comments

 and are ignored by the compiler. Comments are

 included in a program to make it more readable. If a

 comment is short and can be accommodated in a

 single line, then it is started with double slash

 (//)sequence in the first line of the program. 

However, if there are multiple lines in a comment, it is

 enclosed between the two symbols /* and */.

 Everything between /* and */ is ignored by the

 complier. 

(ii) include : 

The lines in the above program that start with symbol

‘#’ are called directives and are instructions to the

 compiler. The word include with ‘#’ tells the compiler

 to include the file iostream.h into the file of the above

 program. File iostream.h is a header file needed for

 input/output requirements of the program. Therefore,

 this file has been included at the top of the program.

 

(iii) void main ( ) :

The word main is a function name. The brackets( )

 with main tells that main ( ) is a function. The word

 void before main( ) indicates that no value is being

 returned by the function main( ). Every C++ program

 consists of one or more functions. However, when

 program is loaded in the memory, the control is

 handed over to function main( ) and it is the first

 function to be executed.

(iv) The curly brackets and 

       body of the function main( ) :

 A C ++ program starts with function called main( ).

 The body of the function is enclosed between curly

 braces. The program statements are written within

 the brackets. Each statement must end by a

 semicolon, without which an error message is

 generated.

Before getting into programming, it is important to

 read these topics :

1) C++ CHARACTER SET

2) BASIC DATA TYPES

3) Keywords

4) Identifiers

5) Literals

6) Punctuators

7) Operators

8) Constant

9) Variables

10) INPUT / OUTPUT (I/O)

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