Fundamentals of Computer or Systems

Computer Basic Fundamental

Computer Basic Fundamental

A computer is an electronic device or machine that

takes an input, processes it to produce the wanted

output. Every computer is a combination of hardware

and software. The physical components of a

computer

that can be seen & touched form the hardware. For

instance, CPU, monitor, keyboard, printer etc., are

hardware or peripheral devices. The input to a

computer is specified in the form of instructions. These

set of instructions that we permit to the computer to

perform a particular task add up to a program. 

Many such programs together form a software for the

computer like; Operating system, Antivirus, MS Office,

Computer games are all software applications.

Working of a Computer

The computer needs both hardware and software,

hardware consists of the mechanical and electronic

devices, which are in physically or touching form. The

software consists of programs which are non physically

form, the operating system and the data that reside in

the memory and storage devices.

The working block diagram of a computer

The working of a computer in just four steps:

(i) Receive input – Accept data or information from

 user through various input devices like the keyboard,

 mouse, scanner, touch pen, joystick etc. 

(ii) Process information–Perform arithmetic or   

 logical operations on data or information. 

(iii) Store information—Store the information in

 storage devices like hard disk, CD, pen drive, SSD,

 etc. 

(iv) Produce output–Communicate information to

 the user through any of the available output devices

 like monitor, printer, speaker, etc.

Components of a Computer 

Computer has four main components

Input Devices : These are the devices that are used

to accept data and instructions from the user. like;

Keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick, light pen, etc.,

are the examples of input devices.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) : This is also called 

the ‘Brain of the Computer’ as it controls the  

complete working of the computer. Its consists Control

unit and Arithmetic Logic unit (ALU).

Memory: The data and instructions are stored in this

Memory devices. like; Hard disk, DVD, pen drive, Solid

state drive, etc., are the examples of memory storage

devices. 

Output Devices: These are the devices that are used

to display the desired result or information. Monitor,

printer, speaker etc., are the examples of output

devices.

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